Responsables du séminaire
Sarah POUEY (doctorante), Yohan RENARD (EC), Flavien VILBERT (doctorant)
Contact : phdseminar_leo@univ-orleans.fr
Séminaires doctorants
Filtrer
Urban Growth and Climatic Shocks: A study of Sub-Saharan African cities
Date : Jeudi | 2024-11-28 à 12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses
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Robert Reinhardt (CES, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne)
Sub-Saharan African cities are among the fastest-growing in the world but face significant climatic risks. This study investigates how exposure to extreme climate events has shaped the economic, demographic, and physical growth of ~6 000 cities in the region between 2000 and 2020. Using high-resolution remote sensing data combined with a dynamic panel and event-study approach, I find that climate-driven shocks lead to accelerated informal settlement expansion and reduced economic growth, particularly in medium-sized cities with low resilience and higher poverty. In addition these shocks fuel food price inflation highlighting welfare implications. Finally, the paper documents heterogeneous responses to a chosen set of shocks depending on the location of businesses and households within cities. These findings underscore the need for urban policies also in mid-sized cities that enhance resilience to climate risks, particularly through improved adaptation to heat and through economic support for vulnerable urban populations.
Going green: Will the r-star shine brighter?
Date : Jeudi | 2024-11-21 à 12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses
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Marie JEZEQUEL-ROYER (LEO, Université d’Orléans)
This paper assesses the impact of an orderly environmental transition (ET) on the Euro area natural rate of interest (r*), which is a key benchmark for monetary policy, financing conditions and the social cost of carbon. To this end, we use high-frequency identification methods, isolating carbon policy shocks from EU ETS futures price variations around regulatory announcements. We also use a finance-based r* derived from dynamic term structure models estimated on the prices of inflation-indexed bonds. We find a significant and persistent increase in r* following a positive carbon policy shock. Specifically, according to our estimates, reaching a carbon price of €550 per ton of CO2 to reach Net Zero by 2050 could raise r* by 1.6 percentage points, ceteris paribus.
Golden cities? Artisanal mining and urbanization in Africa
Date : Jeudi | 2024-11-14 à 12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses
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Edouard PIGNEDE (PSAE, AgroParisTech)
This article documents how the extraction of a labor-intensive commodity triggered urbanization in smaller, more remote, and poorer cities in sub-Saharan Africa. We leverage exogenous variation in the value of artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASgM) activities – a widespread source of livelihood heavily dependent on the international market price – in a comprehensive panel of fine-grained cells starting in 1975. We find that locations with greater exposure to ASgM experience higher population growth and the emergence of more cities. These effects are driven by smaller cities (less than 50k inhabitants) and are particularly pronounced in isolated zones with a limited initial population. Focusing on cities, those with more ASgM tend to exhibit lower living standards and an employment structure still largely geared towards agriculture.
Algo-Rhythm Unplugged: Effects of explaining algorithmic recommendations on music discovery
Date : Jeudi | 2024-10-17 à 12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses
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Mehdi LOUAFI (LEO, Université d’Orléans)
Music streaming services make massive use of algorithms in their music recommender systems (MRS) to guide users to tracks that they are likely to enjoy. However, the black-box nature of these algorithms makes them difficult for users to understand, both in terms of how they work and the music they predict. The field of explainable AI (XAI), and in particular its “explanation” side, has emerged to make the uses of AI (including MRSs) more comprehensible to users. This paper aims to observe, using a laboratory experiment, whether the explanation of an MRS algorithm induces a change in discovery behavior on music streaming services. In a theoretical framework, we model two types of user discovery behavior, namely “study” and “browse” behaviors. We then test in the lab the explanation effects of these behaviors by explaining a simplified “semi-personalized” MRS and measuring the relative listening time of the tracks. Data shows no average effect induced by the explanations, but we observe a differentiated impact of explanations based on the treatment intensity (i.e. the time spent reading them). The more individuals are treated, the more they listen to the tracks, reinforcing the “study” behavior.
First-year PhD. Students Presentation (2/2)
Date : Jeudi | 2024-10-10 à 12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses
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S P E C I A L S E S S I O N
Three new PhD. Students from the LEO (Université d'Orléans) will present their thesis projects. Each of them will give a 15 minutes presentation followed by a 15 minutes discussion :
- Martin Cimetière (Macro/Finance Team)
- Marie Jezequel-Royer (International Economics/Sustainable Development Team)
- Elhadji Mamadou Guene (Econometrics Team)
First-year PhD. Students Presentation (1/2)
Date : Jeudi | 2024-10-03 à 12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses
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S P E C I A L S E S S I O N
Two new PhD. Students from the LEO (Université d'Orléans) will present their thesis projects. Each of them will give a 15 minutes presentation followed by a 15 minutes discussion :
- Aïssata Ousmane Dicko (International Economics/Sustainable Development Team)
- Saniya Ali Zahed (International Economics/Sustainable Development Team)
Do Concerns for Risks of Personal Data Leaks Impact Decision-Making in Finance?
Date : Jeudi | 2024-05-23 à 12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses
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Mehdi LOUAFI (LEO, Université d’Orléans)
Based on an experiment with participants from the general population, we examine the determinants of individuals' investment decisions in the presence of potential personal data leaks. We find that participants when presented with scenarios explicitly acknowledging the probability distribution and content of personal data leaks, tend to prioritize financial performance over the safeguarding of their personal data. However, we show that individuals adjust their preferences in favor of privacy when confronted with high risks of data leaks or low financial returns. Additionally, we observe that the magnitude of data leaks in previous rounds, as measured by the number of participants affected, decreases the likelihood of investing in options carrying privacy risks. While past exposures to data leaks at the aggregate level influence decision-making, individual experiences of data leaks in previous rounds do not significantly impact subsequent investment decisions. These findings contribute to our understanding of how individuals navigate complex trade-offs associated with privacy, shedding light on decision-making within the context of data security concerns and financial decisions.
Digital wage payments and financial inclusion in Developing and Emerging Economies
Date : Vendredi | 2024-04-26 à 12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses
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Ismail BELLO (LEO, Université d’Orléans)
The study examines the impact of wage payment mode on financial inclusion in Developing and Emerging Economies. In such countries, non-bank financial institutions like mobile money agents have an important role as payment service providers. To account for this specificity, we build two indices: a traditional (banking) financial inclusion index, and a digital financial inclusion index. We test the hypothesis that distributing wages on financial accounts, through mobile phones or cards (which we label "digital wage payment"), does increase financial inclusion, whereas wages paid in cash do not. Countries wishing to improve their financial inclusion would therefore have a lever for action by regulating how salaries are paid.
Beyond the Classroom? Secondary School Expansion and Women’s Marital Outcomes in Senegal
Date : Jeudi | 2024-04-25 à 12h30
Lieu : Salle des thèses
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Daniel PEREZ PARRA (ERUDITE, Université Gustave Eiffel)
The importance of women's education for the pursuit of gender equality in many facets of society is well-documented. I investigate the implications of a large-scale increase in secondary school capacity for women's education outcomes and marriage. Using the ambitious expansion of new classrooms in Senegal to test its impact on education and women's marital experiences, I find substantial gains in female education and learning indicators. However, I do not detect any significant shifts in child marriage, polygyny, or intimate partner violence overall. This analysis indicates the complexity of schooling policies in combating broader trends and suggests a broader strategy to affect multiple facets of social change.